Kleider machen Leute recap

I've been away from this for a while (having focused on my translations into English — see K A Nitz Publishing), so it will take a bit to get back up to speed.

We are currently at this:

Ka auaha ngā kākahu i ngā tāngata

Nō te rā waniwani o Nōema e haere ana he kaitui pōhara ki Goldach, ki te taone iti, ki te taone whai taonga, mā te huarahi. E itiiti ngā hāora o te tawhiti i Seldwyla ki reira. Ka hari te kaitui i te temani anake i tōna pākete. He rite tonu tāna romiromi i taua temani i ētahi pene kore i tāna te tia i ngā ringaringa ki ngā pākete i te makariri. Kua ngaro hoki ia i tana utu i te pēkerapu o tētahi tohunga kaitui o Seldwyla, ā, me haere ia i Seldwyla. He kai o te ata ētahi whārangi hukarere anake kua rere ki roto i tōna waha, ā, kāhore rawa ia e mōhio ana kei te kimi ia i te tina pōhara rawa atu hea. E kite ana ia he tino uaua tōna inoi, engari te āhua nei, kāore te inoi e taea rawa ana e ia, inā hoki e mau ana ia i te kahu hinauri, i te kahu nui, i te kahu kua tuia ma te hiraka pango, ki waho i tōna kākahu pai rawa atu, i tōna kākahu pango, i tōna kākahu anake, ā, e tuku ana tēnei kahu ki a ia i te āhua rangatira, e āta tiaki ana hoki tōnu makawe roa me tōna pāhau iti, ā, e hari ana ia i tōna kanohi kiritea, i tōna kanohi māori.

Kua whakamahia ia kia hiahia ki āhua pērā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i kino i taua āhua, ā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i te nuka ki taua āhua. Otirā i hari ia, mehemea i waihotia ia, me tōna tuku ki te mahi ki hea taurikura. Engari ka hiahia kē ia ki te matekai, tē ngaro kē ai tōna kahu me tōna pōtae huru o Pōrana i a ia. E mohio hoki ana ia ki te mau i tōna pōtae huru, ānō nei he rangatira a ia.

No reira e taea ana e ia te mahi i ngā taone nui ake anake i te mea he onge te aro o taua āhua i reira; mehemea ia i āmio, kāore he moni, i raruraru rawa ia.

Any thoughts?

Kleider machen Leute: VIIb

Back from the break, and back to the seventh sentence (the first in the third paragraph):

Er konnte deshalb nur in größeren Städten arbeiten, wo solches nicht zu sehr auffiel; wenn er wanderte und keine Ersparnisse mitführte, geriet er in die größte Not.

The first half was translated in the last post. So now for the bit after the semi-colon which translates into English roughly as 'if he roamed and took no savings with him, he got into great difficulty'.

So I need an if-then type hypothetical construction.

He roamed without money:

i āmio ia, kāore he moni

He got into great difficulty:

i raruraru rawa ia

So:

mehemea ia i āmio, kāore he moni, i raruraru rawa ia.

The complete sentence is thus:

No reira e taea ana e ia te mahi i ngā taone nui ake anake i te mea he onge te aro o taua āhua i reira; mehemea ia i āmio, kāore he moni, i raruraru rawa ia.

Any thoughts?

Kleider machen Leute: VIIa

The seventh sentence (the first in the third paragraph) is a lot simpler than the previous one:

Er konnte deshalb nur in größeren Städten arbeiten, wo solches nicht zu sehr auffiel; wenn er wanderte und keine Ersparnisse mitführte, geriet er in die größte Not.

This is really two sentences separated by a semi-colon. The first sentence here has a main clause and a subordinate clause of location. Roughly translated into English, it is: 'Hence he could only work in larger towns where such a thing did not attract notice'.

So the main clause first. The verb is modified by the modal verb können [to be able] in the past tense. This translates as the special passive taea which means the agent is preceded by e and the action is nominalised:

E taea ana e ia te mahi

The adverbial phrase: in größeren Städten [in larger towns] = i ngā taone nui ake (ake adds the comparative to nui). So (with anake for nur ['only']):

E taea ana e ia te mahi i ngā taone nui ake anake

The only thing missing now is a way of linking with the previous sentence — 'deshalb' [hence]. For this, the phrase no reira can be used:

No reira e taea ana e ia te mahi i ngā taone nui ake anake

Which leaves us with the subordinate clause: wo solches nicht zu sehr auffiel ['where such a thing did not attract notice']. The clause is a transformation of: 'such things do not attract notice in larger towns'. The term 'such things' could be expressed as 'the aforementioned' = taua. The verb 'attract notice' = aro (passive suffix = -hia). The construction needed is a negated passive sentence:

kāore taua i arohia i ngā taone nui ake

This now needs to be linked to the main clause. Second thoughts, I'm missing 'zu sehr'. The clause is actually more like: 'where such a thing did not attract too much notice'. I could rephrase that as: 'where such a thing rarely attracted notice'. The word for 'rare' is onge. Rather than apply it to the verb, the standard appears to be to convert the verb into a noun and then apply it as an adjective. So:

Predicate: onge
Subject: te aro o taua āhua ['the attracting notice of that appearance' — the o possessive indicates that the verb is being used passively here (being habitual — a single instance would mean changing aro to aronga]

So:

he onge te aro taua āhua

I added āhua to clarify which things.

Now, to join it to the main clause I need to add the initial phrase i te mea to indicate that it is a clause of reason, and also add a comment of place: i reira ('in the aforementioned place') to connect it to ngā taone. Which gives all up for the first half of the seventh sentence:

No reira e taea ana e ia te mahi i ngā taone nui ake anake i te mea he onge te aro o taua āhua i reira;

Any thoughts?

Kleider machen Leute: VId

Back to the sixth sentence, which the previous posts have covered apart from the last relative clause:

Solcher Habitus war ihm zum Bedürfnis geworden, ohne daß er etwas Schlimmes oder Betrügerisches dabei im Schilde führte; vielmehr war er zufrieden, wenn man ihn nur gewähren und im stillen seine Arbeit verrichten ließ; aber lieber wäre er verhungert, als daß er sich von seinem Radmantel und von seiner polnischen Pelzmütze getrennt hätte, die er ebefalls mit großem Anstand zu tragen wußte.

The clause is:

die er ebefalls mit großem Anstand zu tragen wußte

which translates into English roughly as 'which he likewise knew to wear with great dignity'.

The ebenfalls ['likewise'] can be translated using hoki after the first base. Rather than a relative clause, I will make it a separate sentence joined by that hoki to the previous one — otherwise it gets too complicated trying to transform the sentence so that it can be made into a relative clause (largely owing to having two verbs: tragen and wissen).

The phrase ānō nei means 'as if', so the sentence I am translating has become: 'he knew likewise to wear his fur cap as if he was a chief'. That last part substitutes for the adverbial phrase 'mit großem Anstand' [with great dignity] — Anstand/dignity = āhua rangatira [lit.: chiefly appearance]. So:

e mohio hoki ana ia ki te mau i tōna pōtae huru, ānō nei he rangatira a ia.

All up we now have for the sixth sentence:

Kua whakamahia ia kia hiahia ki āhua pērā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i kino i taua āhua, ā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i te nuka ki taua āhua. Otirā i hari ia, mehemea i waihotia ia, me tōna tuku ki te mahi ki hea taurikura. Engari ka hiahia kē ia ki te matekai, tē ngaro kē ai tōna kahu me tōna pōtae huru o Pōrana i a ia. E mohio hoki ana ia ki te mau i tōna pōtae huru, ānō nei he rangatira a ia.

Any thoughts?

Kleider machen Leute: VIc

Back to the sixth sentence, whose first two clauses were covered in the previous post:

Solcher Habitus war ihm zum Bedürfnis geworden, ohne daß er etwas Schlimmes oder Betrügerisches dabei im Schilde führte; vielmehr war er zufrieden, wenn man ihn nur gewähren und im stillen seine Arbeit verrichten ließ; aber lieber wäre er verhungert, als daß er sich von seinem Radmantel und von seiner polnischen Pelzmütze getrennt hätte, die er ebefalls mit großem Anstand zu tragen wußte.

We are up to the part:

aber lieber wäre er verhungert, als daß er sich von seinem Radmantel und von seiner polnischen Pelzmütze getrennt hätte,

which translates into English roughly as 'he would rather go hungry than be separated from his cloak and his Polish furcap'. For this, I need to understand how to convey the subjunctive mood ('would') in te reo Māori. Harlow (2001) mentions the subjunctive in passing but doesn't explain how it is done, and this particular structure of alternatives doesn't appear in any of the examples.

The sentence has two parts:

aber lieber wäre er verhungert,

and

als daß er sich von seinem Radmantel und von seiner polnischen Pelzmütze getrennt hätte,

The first part gives a contingent result: 'go hungry/starve'; whereas the second provides the alternative: 'being separated from his cloak and cap'. It could be rephrased as:

He would prefer to starve instead of being separated from his cloak and cap

or perhaps:

That he may starve lest he should be separated from his cloak and cap

Williams' First Lessons in Maori (1930) gives examples of subjunctive and Future (Consequential) 'that he may' and Future (Deprecatory/Precautionary) 'lest he should' which seem applicable, though I think the first clause might be better using the particle kē ['instead of/despite']. That is:

Ka hiahia kē ia ki te matekai

where:

Ka hiahia kē = 'would rather' [Ka is verbal particle for inceptive (new action)]
matekai = 'to starve'

The second part could be done using tē + verb + kē ai which gives the meaning 'instead of', so:

Ka hiahia kē ia ki te matekai, tē ngaro kē ai tōna kahu me tōna pōtae huru o Pōrana i a ia

where:

ngaro = be lost
pōtae huru = fur cap
o Pōrana = from Poland

All up we now have for the sixth sentence:

Kua whakamahia ia kia hiahia ki āhua pērā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i kino i taua āhua, ā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i te nuka ki taua āhua. Otirā i hari ia, mehemea i waihotia ia, me tōna tuku ki te mahi ki hea taurikura. Engari ka hiahia kē ia ki te matekai, tē ngaro kē ai tōna kahu me tōna pōtae huru o Pōrana i a ia.

This leaves just the relative clause referring to the cap being worn with dignity.

Any thoughts?

Kleider machen Leute: VIb

Back to the sixth sentence, whose first two clauses were covered in the previous post:

Solcher Habitus war ihm zum Bedürfnis geworden, ohne daß er etwas Schlimmes oder Betrügerisches dabei im Schilde führte; vielmehr war er zufrieden, wenn man ihn nur gewähren und im stillen seine Arbeit verrichten ließ; aber lieber wäre er verhungert, als daß er sich von seinem Radmantel und von seiner polnischen Pelzmütze getrennt hätte, die er ebefalls mit großem Anstand zu tragen wußte.

We are up to the clause:

vielmehr war er zufrieden

which translates into English roughly as 'rather he was happy':

Subject: he = ia
Verb: happy = hari

So, the sentence becomes:

otirā i hari ia

That was easy. But now we have the condition of when he is happy:

wenn man ihn nur gewähren und im stillen seine Arbeit verrichten ließ;

which translates roughly into English as 'if one just left him alone and left him to work in peace'.

gewähren [leave alone] = waiho (passive suffix: -tia)


So 'if he was left alone' (ie changing to passive) becomes:

mehema i waihotia ia

For the rest of it:

im stillen [in peace] = taurikura (stative verb)

seine Arbeit verrichten [do his work] = mahi

ließ [let/allowed] = tuku (passive suffix: -na)

mehemea i tukuna ia ki te mahi ki hea taurikura

(where ki hea means 'somewhere'), or joined by me to the previous bit (and shifting the subject to a possessive in ō [to indicate the passive for the nominalised verb]) it would be:

me tōna tuku ki te mahi ki hea taurikura

Joining all these together gives:

Kua whakamahia ia kia hiahia ki āhua pērā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i kino i taua āhua, ā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i te nuka ki taua āhua. Otirā i hari ia, mehemea i waihotia ia, me tōna tuku ki te mahi ki hea taurikura.

The rest (which entails the subjunctive) can wait for the next post (or two). Any thoughts?

Kleider machen Leute: VIa

Now for the sixth sentence, which comprises the entire second paragraph:

Solcher Habitus war ihm zum Bedürfnis geworden, ohne daß er etwas Schlimmes oder Betrügerisches dabei im Schilde führte; vielmehr war er zufrieden, wenn man ihn nur gewähren und im stillen seine Arbeit verrichten ließ; aber lieber wäre er verhungert, als daß er sich von seinem Radmantel und von seiner polnischen Pelzmütze getrennt hätte, die er ebefalls mit großem Anstand zu tragen wußte.

Seven clauses by my count. So starting with the first clause:

Solcher Habitus war ihm zum Bedürfnis geworden

which translates into English roughly as 'Such a appearance had become a necessity for him'. The verb 'to become' can be approximated in two ways as I understand it. Either a verb with the meaning 'to become something' is created by adding the prefix whaka- to the something — which works for adjectives, nouns and intransitive verbs — or the verb whakamahia 'to cause' is used with kia followed by the transitive verb. The verb hiahia has the meaning 'to need' and is transitive. So if we phrase it as 'he was caused to need such an appearance' then it breaks down as follows:

Subject: he = ia
Verb: caused to need = kua whakamahia kia hiahia [kua is the verbal particle for perfect aspect]
Object: such an appearance = āhua pērā [pērā = like that]

So, the sentence becomes:

Kua whakamahia ia kia hiahia ki āhua pērā

The second clause is a bit more complicated as it starts with a negation 'ohne daß' [without that]. So I'll start with the positive expression: 'er führte etwas Schlimmes oder Betrügerisches dabei im Schilde'. This translates roughly as 'he intended something wicked or deceitful by that', which I'm going to transform into 'his intention by that was wicked or deceitful'.

Noun: intention = whakaaro
Stative verb: wicked = kino
Adjective: deceitful = nuka

So, 'his intention by that was wicked' becomes:

I kino tōna whakaaro i taua āhua

And 'his intention by that was deceitful' becomes:

He nuka tōna whakaaro ki taua āhua

These now need to be negated. So:

Kāore tōna whakaaro i kino i taua āhua

and:

Kāore tōna whakaaro i te nuka ki taua āhua

Using ahakoa [although/despite] to link it to the previous sentence:

Kua whakamahia ia kia hiahia ki āhua pērā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i kino i taua āhua, ā, ahakoa kāore tōna whakaaro i te nuka ki taua āhua.

The rest can wait for the next post. Any thoughts?